目录
    2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）终极预测试卷1
    2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）终极预测试卷2
    2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）终极预测试卷3
    2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）终极预测试卷4
    2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）终极预测试卷5
 

文摘
 

2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）
（科目代码：201）
终极预测试卷1

    考生注意事项
    1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。
    （1）考生在考试开考15分钟后不得入场。
    （2）交卷出场时间不得早于考试结束前30分钟。
    （3）交卷结束后，不得再进考场续考，也不得在考场附近逗留或交谈。
    2. 答题前，应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。
    3. 答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。
    （1）填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。
    （2）书写部分必须用（蓝）黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答。字迹要清楚。
    4. 考试结束后，将答题卡装入原试卷袋中，试卷交给监考人员。
２０１５年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）
终极预测试卷1
    Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ⅰ Ｕｓｅ ｏｆ Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ
    Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ:
    Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
    Using a computer or smartphone at night can cause us to   1   on the pounds, new research has revealed.
    The study found a link between blue light   2   —blue light is   3   by smartphones and tablets—and increased hunger. It found that exposure   4   the light increases hunger levels for several hours and even increases hunger levels   5   eating a meal.
    Results of the US study show that blue-enriched light exposure, compared with   6   light exposure, was   7   with an increase in hunger that began 15 minutes after light onset and was still   8   almost two hours after the meal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased   9   in the evening increasing the risk of insomnia.
    Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of  Northwestern University, in Chicago, said: “A single three-hour exposure to blue-enriched light in the evening   10   impacted hunger and glucose metabolism. ”“These results are important because they suggest that   11   environmental light exposure for humans may represent a novel   12   of influencing food   13   patterns and metabolism.”
    The study group   14   10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received
     15   carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed a four-day trial   16   dim light conditions,   17   involved exposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours   18   and less than three lux during eight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of  260 lux, blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects were compared with dim light exposure on day two.
    Ms Cheung said more research is needed to determine the   19   of action   20   in the relationship between light exposure, hunger and metabolism.
     1. [A] pile   [B] accumulate  [C] add   [D] store
     2. [A] touch   [B] exposure  [C] contact   [D] approach
     3. [A] launched   [B] radiated   [C] sent   [D] emitted
     4. [A] in    [B] under   [C] to   [D] at
     5. [A] after   [B] before  [C] during  [D] when
     6. [A] dim   [B] dull   [C] dark   [D] dusky
     7. [A] related   [B] affiliated   [C] associated   [D] combined
     8. [A] current   [B] present  [C] occurring   [D] existed
     9. [A] doze   [B] nap   [C] rest   [D] sleepiness
    10. [A] slightly  [B] rarely   [C] acutely  [D] averagely
    11. [A] operating   [B] manipulating [C] conducting  [D] making
    12. [A] approach  [B] access   [C] mode   [D] manner
    13. [A] income  [B] input    [C] intake  [D] insorption
    14. [A] consisted   [B] composed   [C] concluded   [D] comprised
    15. [A] identical  [B] like   [C] same    [D] similar
    16. [A] in    [B] on   [C] under   [D] for
    17. [A] when   [B] where  [C] what   [D] which
    18. [A] awaken  [B] awake  [C] asleep  [D] sleepy
    19. [A] systems  [B] agencies   [C] work   [D] mechanisms
    20. [A] drawn   [B] involved  [C] dealt   [D] referred
    Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
    Part A
    Directions:
    Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
    Text 1
    It is getting harder to go anywhere without stepping on a piece of Lego-related hype. The Lego Movie is number two at the American box office, after three weeks at number one. Model kits related to the film are piled high in the shops. They will add to the already gigantic heap of Lego bits: 86 for every person on the planet. The toymaker has enjoyed ten years of spectacular growth, almost quadrupling its revenue.
    This is remarkable for many reasons. Lego’s home town, Billund in rural Denmark, is so small that the company had to provide it with a hotel—an elegant one, unsurprisingly. The toy business is one of the world’s trickiest: perennially faddish and, at the moment, convulsed by technological innovation. Children are growing up ever faster, and abandoning the physical world for the virtual. To cap it all, the company almost collapsed in 2003-04, having drifted for years, diversifying into too many areas, producing too many products and, in a fit of desperation, flirting with becoming a lifestyle company, with Lego-branded clothes and watches.
    Lego’s decade of success began when it appointed Jorgen Vig Knudstorp as chief executive. Mr. Knudstorp decreed that the company must go back to the brick: focusing on its core products, forgetting about brand-stretching, and even selling its theme parks. He also brought in stricter management controls, for example reducing the number of different pieces that the company produced from 12,900 to 7,000.
    Under Mr. Knudstorp Lego has struck a successful balance between innovation and tradition. The company has to generate new ideas to keep its sales growing: customers need a reason to expand their stock of bricks, and to buy them from Lego rather than cheaper rivals. Lego produces a stream of kits with ready-made designs, such as forts and spaceships, to provide children with templates. But it also insists that the pieces can be added to the child’s collection of bricks, and reused to make all sorts of other things.
    Lego has got better at managing its relationships. The Lego Movie demonstrates how it can focus on the brick while venturing into the virtual world: Warner Bros. made the film while Lego provided the models. It has also got better at tapping its legion of fans—particularly adult fans of Lego, or AFOLs—for new ideas.
    Lego is now at an inflection point, building its organisational capacity and embracing globalisation, to help it find new sources of growth. The aim is twofold: to replicate in the rapidly growing east Lego’s success in the west; and to transform a local company that happened to go global into a global company that happens to have its head office in Billund.
    21. The first paragraph is used to demonstrate
    [A] the pervasiveness of Lego-related hype.
    [B] the popularity of The Lego Movie.
    [C] the gigantic heap of Lego bits.
    [D] the spectacular growth of Lego.
    22. Lego’s success is remarkable for the following reasons EXCEPT that
    [A] Lego originated from rural Denmark.
    [B] it is difficult for a toy to prevail forever.
    [C] children tend to embrace the physical world.
    [D] Lego once lost its market direction.
    23. Mr. Knudstorp’s idea of going back to the brick didn’t include
    [A] bringing in stricter management controls.
    [B] putting emphasis upon core products.
    [C] giving up brand-stretching.
    [D] selling Lego’s theme parks.
    24. Which of the following does not contribute to Lego’s success?
    [A] Lego produces new kits with ready-made designs.
    [B] Lego reuses the templates to make all sorts of new toys.
    [C] Lego focuses on the brick while venturing into the virtual world.
    [D] Lego taps its adult fans for new ideas.
    25. It can NOT be learned from the last paragraph that
    [A] Lego tries to find new sources of growth.
    [B] Lego aims to transform itself into a global company.
    [C] Lego aims to achieve its success in the east.
    [D] Lego fails to maintain sustainable growth in the west.
    Text 2
    Some employers increasingly are viewing autism—a severe mental disorder as an asset and not a deficiency in the workplace. Germany-based software company SAP has been actively seeking people with autism for jobs, not because of charitable help but because it believes features of autism may make some individuals better at certain jobs than those without autism.
    It’s a worthy initiative, according to disability experts, since 85% of adults with autism are estimated to be unemployed. SAP aims to have up to 1% of its workforce—about 650 people—be employees with autism by 2020, according to Jose Velasco, head of the autism initiative at SAP in the U.S..
    People with autism—characterized by social deficits and repetitive behavior—tend to pay great attention to detail, which may make them well suited as software testers or debuggers, according to Mr. Velasco, who has two children with the condition. In addition, these people bring a different perspective to the workplace, which may help with efficiency and creativity as well, he said.“They have a very structured nature” and like nonambiguous, precise outcomes, Mr. Velasco said. “We’re looking at those strengths and looking at where those traits would be of value to the organization.”
    Autistic employees at SAP take on roles such as identifying software problems, and assigning customer-service queries to members of the team for troubleshooting. SAP is also considering other positions, such as writing manuals to give clients very precise instructions on how to install software.Individuals with autism might excel at going step by step, without skipping details that others may miss, said Mr. Velasco.
    About 1% of the population in the U.S.—or some three million people—is thought to have autism. The latest figures issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that one in 68 children have been identified with autism. However, their lifetime employment rate is extremely low even though many want to work, said disability experts. Among young adults between 21 and 25 years old, only half have ever held a paid job outside the home, according to a study published last year in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
    Though many people with autism go on to higher education and are qualified for employment, they may have trouble getting in the door of a workplace because of difficulties with communications or interviews, according to Wendy Harbour, executive director of the Taishoff Center for Inclusive Higher Education, at Syracuse University.
    26. According to Paragraph 1, people with autism in a company
    [A] perform better than those without it.
    [B] may show a better working capacity in some positions.
    [C] don’t want to get charitable help from the society.
    [D] make others improve working efficiency.
    27. Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of autism?
    [A] Good cooperation spirit.
    [B] Focusing on details.
    [C] Repetition of one behavior.
    [D] Lack of communication skills.
    28. Employees with autism are assigned the work of writing manuals because they
    [A] excel at writing instructions.
    [B] skip details that are not necessary.
    [C] make instructions precise.
    [D] know how to install software.
    29. Paragraph 5 shows that in America
    [A] about 1% of three million people suffer from autism.
    [B] adults between 21-25 often go outside their homes.
    [C] half people with autism are holding a job.
    [D] lifetime employment rate of those with autism is not satisfying.
    30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
    [A] many people with autism have to continue their education.
    [B] people with autism should improve their social and interviewing skills.
    [C] most people with autism are not qualified for employment.
    [D] people without autism have difficulty in finding a job.
    Ｔｅｘｔ ３
    Why has crime in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s? 
    Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment, and so on.
    The “real” answer is almost certainly a combination of these factors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash?
    Cash is critical to the health of an underground economy, because it’s anonymous, nearly untraceable, and easily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market.
    But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers.
    In the 1980s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers. They didn’t switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the researchers, who studied Missouri’s counties to establish whether the areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime.
    The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with “a significant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specific offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests.” In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare.
    Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, suggesting that the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash.
    The move toward cashlessness in the U.S. continues quickly. Google now lets you attach money to emails to send to friends, which means that for some shoppers, pulling out your credit card could become as rare as finding exact change in your coin purse. It might seem absurd to imagine Visa, Square, and Google Wallet as crime-fighting technologies. But with a better understanding of how cash’s availability affects crime, perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny.
    31. Which of the following cannot explain why cash is critical to the health of an underground  economy?
    [A] Cash is anonymous.
    [B] Cash is hardly traceable.
    [C] Cash is easily stolen.
    [D] Cash is the lifeblood of the black market.
    32. The government switched one county at a time within states favors researchers because
    [A] it reduced cash payment in Missouri.
    [B] it offered a randomly controlled environment.
    [C] it helped to extend electronic transfers to the state.
    [D] it saw a concurrent decline in crimes.
    33. The shift away from cash in Missouri’s counties resulted in
    [A] an unobvious decrease in the overall crime rate.
    [B] a decrease in certain crimes such as robbery and rape.
    [C] a decline in crimes related to the use of cash.
    [D] a decline in overall crimes.
    34. It can be learned from the last paragraph that
    [A] the government is advised to advocate cashless payments.
    [B] America has become a cashless society.
    [C] most people now send their friends money by email.
    [D] it is absurd to fight against crime by using Visa, Square, and Google Wallet.
    35. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this text?
    [A] Why has Crime in America Declined since the 1990s
    [B] How the Decline of Cash Makes America a Safer Country
    [C] The Impacts of the Decline of Cash in America
    [D] The Relations between Cash and Crime

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