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中公2015年考研英语用书《考研英语专项决胜:真题词汇分频记忆》
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目录
Part 1 高频词第一季(大纲词出现10次以上)1
真题中出现次数:≥50次1
真题中出现次数:30~49次2
真题中出现次数:20~29次5
真题中出现次数:15~19次11
真题中出现次数:10~14次27
Part 2 高频词第二季(大纲词出现4~9次)36
真题中出现次数:9次36
真题中出现次数:8次40
真题中出现次数:7次47
真题中出现次数:6次56
真题中出现次数:5次70
真题中出现次数:4次88
Part 3 高频词第三季(大纲词出现1~3次)105
真题中出现次数:3次105
真题中出现次数:2次127
真题中出现次数:1次174
Part 4 高频词第四季(重点超纲词)258
真题中出现次数:≥5次258
真题中出现次数:4次267
真题中出现次数:3次271
真题中出现次数:2次283
真题中出现次数:1次308
附录一:常用词缀401
附录二:常用缩写词406
文摘
Part 1高频词第一季(大纲词出现10次以上)
真题中出现次数:≥50次
business [.b.zn.s]
n. ①商业,生意;②事务,业务,职责;③企业;④贸易量;⑤行业,业务
[真题] The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business (n.⑤). [2014年阅读2][翻译]律师行业成本如此之高的另一个原因是其行业限制性股权结构。
[真题] Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses (n.③) that originally created them. [2011年阅读3][翻译]例如,社会上的一些网络人员就知道他们可以绑架该网站以便对创建该网站的公司施压。
[真题] The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize l,800 virtual casinos every week, with $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the web’s most pro.table business (n.⑤). [2006年新题型][翻译]《新闻周刊》10月28日的文章报道200万赌徒每周要光顾1 800个虚拟赌场,并且今年在网上赌博中他们输掉了35亿美元,赌博业已经超过了色情文学成了网上最赢利的行业。[辨析]“事务”之意 affair:含义较广,侧重指已发生或必须去做的任何事情或事务,复数形式多指重大或较复杂的事务。 business:通常指较重要或较难而又必须承担的事情,也可指商务。 matter:普通用词,着重指一件考虑中的或需要处理的事。 concern:往往强调与个人或团体利害有直接或重大关系的事。 thing:用作“事情”解时,词义较笼统、含糊,多用于指不很具体的事。
information [..nf..me..n]
n. ①通知,报告;②情报,信息[真题] Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information (n.②). [2014年新题型][翻译]一般来说,他们通过对大片地形进行调查和采样(试点挖掘)来确定在哪里挖掘可以找到有用的信息。
[真题] Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information (n.②) protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in business of every variety. [2007年阅读4][翻译]信息保护过去一直是临时的、低级的信息技术员工的工作,而且被视作只有诸如银行、电信、航空这类数据量庞大的行业才应关注的问题,而现在却高高列在各行各业老板们的日程表上。
result [r..z.lt]
n. 结果,成果,成绩;
v. ①(in)导致,结果是;②(from)起因于,由…造成[真题] For him, order does not result (v.②) from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. [2014年翻译][翻译]对他(贝多芬)来说,秩序并不来自忘却或者忽视那些危害我们生存的无序,而是必要的发展,是一个进步,这个进步可以让我们最终达到希腊理想中的“精神崇高”。[真题] Both previous shocks resulted (v.①) in double-digit in.ation and global economic decline. [2002年阅读3][翻译]前两次的油价暴涨都导致了两位数的通货膨胀率和全球性的经济衰退。
[真题] In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result (v.②) from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world. [2008年阅读3][翻译]从NBA球员的情况来说,他们身高的增加似乎是越来越普遍地从全世界各地招募球员的结果。
science [.sa..ns]
n. ①科学;②学科[真题] Science (n.①) and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and
opportunity for all. [2013年阅读3][翻译]科学技术会治愈人类的各种弊病,使所有人都过上知足和充满机会的生活。
school [skul]
n. ①学校;②(大学里的)学院,系;③学派,流派[真题] I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school (n.①), and get ahead and do better. [2008年阅读1][翻译]曾经,我的生活极不如意,上学、取得进步、做得更好成为我摆脱现实困境的途径。
[真题] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools (n.②). [2011年新题型][翻译]人文课程之所以难以设计和教授,是因为这些课程违背了美国顶尖大学一贯坚持的原则,即文科教育和专业教育应该在不同的学院里分开授课。
[真题] But the real hero of the story, according to the new schools (n.③) of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.
[1994年翻译][翻译]但是新学派科学家们认为这个事件中真正的主角,是在改进镜片制造机械工艺时产生的长期演变。[辨析]“学校,学院”之意 college:多指大学内的学院、分科学院或科目较少的高等学校。 university:主要指综合大学,一般由多个学院组成。当泛指大学时通常用college表示。 institute:指设立有专门学科的学院,如外语学院、地质学院、建筑学院等。 school:指大学所属的学院或系。 academy:指(高等)专科院校或研究专门学术的学校。
真题中出现次数:30~49次
culture [.k.lt..]
n. ①修养,教养;②文化,文明[真题] John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture (n.②) in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. [2012年阅读4][翻译]哈佛大学肯尼迪学院的约翰.多纳休指出,西方公务员的文化模式适合那些希望安于现状的人,但对取得卓越成就的人来说却不利。[辨析]“文化,文明”之意
civilization:指广义的文化,标志人类发展开化的进程。强调物质方面的文明。 culture:侧重指精神方面,即多由科技、文化等所体现的人类智力开发的程度。
create [kr..et] v.①创造,创作;②引起,造成;建立[真题] The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create (v.①) a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. [2012年新题型][翻译] 20世纪后半期涌现了一批天才、勇士、企业家和远见卓识者,他们发明了一种难以置信的机器,它同时有着打字机、印刷机、工作室、戏剧院、画笔、画廊、钢琴、收音机、信件甚至是邮差的功能。[真题] Creating ( v. ①) a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice—that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. [2005年翻译][翻译]不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体,要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”并非易事,需要人们做出战略性选择,即在欧洲要制作欧洲的节目。
economic [ik..n.:m.k]
a. 经济(上)的,经济学的[真题] One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic (a.) motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value.
[2010年翻译][翻译]完全建立在以经济为驱动力上的环境保护制度存在一个最大的缺陷:拥有地面群落的大多数成员都缺乏经济价值。[同根] economical a. 经济的;节约的;合算的 econometric a. 计量经济学的 economy n. 经济;节约;理财 economics n. 经济学;国家的经济状况 economist n. 经济学者;节俭的人 econometrics n. 计量经济学 economizer n. 节约装置;节约者;经济家 econometrician n. 计量经济学家(等于econometrist)
experience [.k.sp.r..ns]
n. 经验,经历;
v.体验,经历[真题] Not everyone experiences (v.) the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. [2008年阅读1]
[翻译]并不是每个人都经历像阿尔瓦雷兹所描述的那些严重而长期的压力。
[真题 ] Many students experience (v.) both varieties.[2011年新题型][翻译]许多学生两种(教育)都经历过。
economy [..kɑn.m.]
n. ①节约;②经济[真题] When it comes to the slowing economy (n.②), Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. [2004年阅读3][翻译]经济发展速度开始下滑时,艾伦.斯派罗还不至于束手无策。
following [.fɑlo..]
a. 接着的,下列的[真题] As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following (a.) in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical. [2002年完形][翻译]像我们以前所提到的,直到19世纪报纸才成为前电子时代的主要传媒方式,在此之前,人们普遍阅读的是小册子、书籍以及各种各样的杂志。
influence [..nfl..ns]
n. ①(on)影响,感化;②势力,权势;
v.影响,感化[真题] Many consumers seem to have been influenced (v.) by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. [2004年阅读3][翻译]许多消费者似乎一直受股票市场波动的影响,但投资者把这种波动视为持续繁荣的必要因素。
[真题] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influence (v.) Sammy’s decision to quit his job.
[2008年新题型][翻译]尽管这是一个有趣的问题,但这与主题没有任何关系——其主题是解释环境如何影响萨米辞职的决定。
intellectual [..nt.lekt...l]
n. 知识分子[真题] Is it true that the American intellectual (n.) is rejected and considered of no account in his society? [2006年翻译][翻译]美国的知识分子被他们所在的社会排斥并且不被重视,这一情况属实吗?
process [.prɑs.es,.pro.ses]
n. ①过程,进程;②工序,制作法;③工艺;
v.加工,处理
[真题] And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process (n.①) known as deliberate practice. [2007年阅读1][翻译] Ericsson认为,学习有意义地解码信息的最好方式是一个被称为“有意练习”的过程。
[真题] This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person’s test results may differ depending on the company that processes (v.) the results. [2009年阅读2][翻译]这就意味着一个DNA资料库可能只有来自某一些地方的资料而没有另一些地方的资料。所以,一个人所得到的测试结果可能会因处理检测结果的公司不同而有差异。
rate [ret]
n. ①比率,率;②等级;③价格,费用; v.①估价;②评级,评价[真题] In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate (n.①), while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter. [2000年阅读4][翻译 ]在过去的 10年中,日本的离婚率,尽管仍远在美国之下,已经上升了50%,而自杀事件则上升了近1/4。[真题] Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorns, “We will become a second-rate (n.②) country. We will have a less civil society.” [2004年阅读4][翻译]作家厄尔.绍瑞斯说,继续沿着这条路线发展下去,“我们的国家将变为二流国家,社会也不再那么文明。”
[真题] Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate (n.③) increases. [2003年阅读3][翻译]许多“被控”客户还担心他们很快将遭遇新一轮的大幅涨价。[辨析]“估价”之意 estimate:通常指由个人做出的主观估价。 appraise:指以专家身份作了最终精确的估价。 assess:原义指为确定交多少税而估计,引申指通过估价以便更好利用。 value:侧重指一般人对某物的价值或价格所作的估计。 rate:专指评定价值等级的高低。[同根] rational a. 理性的,合理的 rate n. 比率;等级;价格,费用 ratio n. 比,比率,比例 ration n. 理性,定量
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